Muhammad Abduh himself

• Muhammad Abduh
• Risalat al-tawhid

Muhammad Abduh's associates

• Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
• Saad Zaghlul
• Yaqub Sannua
• Nubar Pash and Sharif Pasha
• Ahmad Urabi
• Wilfrid Blunt
• Lord Cromer
• The khedive Abbas Hilmi
• Rashid Rida

Muhammad Abduh's times

• Selected rulers of Egypt
• Views of Cairo
• The Caliph, Sultan Abd al-Hamid
• François Guizot
• Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan

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